1. SUMMARY
What is GLOBALIZATION?
The term
“GLOBALIZATION” has many definitions and means different things in different
contexts. The term was first defined by sociologist Roland Robertson as “the
compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the
world as a whole”
We generally
recognize three dimensions of globalization; Cultural/Political/Economic
cultural globalization refers to cultural homogenization; a neutral term focusing on cultures becoming increasingly similar to one another. Example of this; WESTERNIZATION, AMERICANIZATION, MCDONALDIZATION, CULTURAL HEGEMONY.
Cultural globalization is not one way. It goes not only from West to East but also in other directions. Orientalism is a process whereby societies come under or adopt (East) Asian culture. Example of Orientalism is Japanese anime, Korean wave (K-pop, K-dramas), Chinese ceramics
cultural globalization refers to cultural homogenization; a neutral term focusing on cultures becoming increasingly similar to one another. Example of this; WESTERNIZATION, AMERICANIZATION, MCDONALDIZATION, CULTURAL HEGEMONY.
Cultural globalization is not one way. It goes not only from West to East but also in other directions. Orientalism is a process whereby societies come under or adopt (East) Asian culture. Example of Orientalism is Japanese anime, Korean wave (K-pop, K-dramas), Chinese ceramics
NGOs(OECD/IMF/NATO/WTO)
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are gaining increasing power to set the global agenda, and represent a more democratic aspect of the political globalization. The only quasi-democratic global governance organization, the UN General Assembly, lacks power to make and enforce any significant decisions. A supranational union is a type of multi-national confederation or federation where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. The concept of supranational union is sometimes used to describe the European Union, as a new type of political entity.
Economic integration is a commonly recognized element of globalization. Economic Globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital.
The historical origins of globalization are the subject of on-going debate. Though several scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era, others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are gaining increasing power to set the global agenda, and represent a more democratic aspect of the political globalization. The only quasi-democratic global governance organization, the UN General Assembly, lacks power to make and enforce any significant decisions. A supranational union is a type of multi-national confederation or federation where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. The concept of supranational union is sometimes used to describe the European Union, as a new type of political entity.
Economic integration is a commonly recognized element of globalization. Economic Globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital.
The historical origins of globalization are the subject of on-going debate. Though several scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era, others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history.
Theories of
globalization
Modernization theory argues simply that globalization is inevitable. It may not be good for society, but it is definitely good for productivity.
Dependency Theory stresses the “development of underdevelopment”. Andre Gunder Frank coined the term with reference to post-colonial Africa. Countries have no choice but to join the global world-economy, but that economy will attempt to keep them "in their place".
World-system theory focuses on the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries and the periphery countries
Modernization theory argues simply that globalization is inevitable. It may not be good for society, but it is definitely good for productivity.
Dependency Theory stresses the “development of underdevelopment”. Andre Gunder Frank coined the term with reference to post-colonial Africa. Countries have no choice but to join the global world-economy, but that economy will attempt to keep them "in their place".
World-system theory focuses on the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries and the periphery countries
.
Measuring cultural globalization
There have been numerous attempts to measure globalization, typically using indices that capture quantitative data for trade flows, political integration, and other measures. Cultural globalization, however, is much more difficult to capture using quantitative data, because it is difficult to find easily verifiable data of the flow of ideas, opinions, and fashions.
This effort measured cultural flow by using global trade in media products (books, periodicals, and newspapers) as a proxy for cultural flow. The authors use the imports and exports of books and brochures, newspapers and periodicals because all other possible indicators lack systematic data sources.
Globalization disperses any and every culture throughout the world, making the planet more heterogeneous, creating deeper connection between groups. For example, teenagers all around the world absorb Japanese anime, K-pop music, and American movies. Globalization makes the culture more homegenous, leading to a unified world culture that consists of a fusion of various national cultures. For example, foods like soda, sushi or pasta became international. Globalization creates a blend of the heterogeneous and homogeneus society - a fusion of cultures around the world.
There have been numerous attempts to measure globalization, typically using indices that capture quantitative data for trade flows, political integration, and other measures. Cultural globalization, however, is much more difficult to capture using quantitative data, because it is difficult to find easily verifiable data of the flow of ideas, opinions, and fashions.
This effort measured cultural flow by using global trade in media products (books, periodicals, and newspapers) as a proxy for cultural flow. The authors use the imports and exports of books and brochures, newspapers and periodicals because all other possible indicators lack systematic data sources.
Globalization disperses any and every culture throughout the world, making the planet more heterogeneous, creating deeper connection between groups. For example, teenagers all around the world absorb Japanese anime, K-pop music, and American movies. Globalization makes the culture more homegenous, leading to a unified world culture that consists of a fusion of various national cultures. For example, foods like soda, sushi or pasta became international. Globalization creates a blend of the heterogeneous and homogeneus society - a fusion of cultures around the world.
2. INTERESTING POINT
It was
interesting that globalization is also seen in everyday life. With the
development of the Internet and social networking services, it is felt in
everyday life that thoughts are expanded around the world, not just thinking
about one society. For example, if you thought about where to go on a trip to,
if you thought it was only domestic before, now you know a lot of places, so it
is a little easier to travel abroad.
The closest
thing to globalization is K-pop. I'm looking at the music industry because I'm
interested in the music business industry. It was interesting to see that
foreign countries influenced our country a lot, but now it is interesting to
see that Korea affects other countries and it is very interesting to treat this
part in class.
In fact, it is
difficult to accurately measure this globalization. I think globalization has
more direct impression than real data. Even if the film is exported and is
showing a lot in many theaters, it may or may not have been accepted in the
country in which it is shown. It would be nice to be able to accurately measure
people's thoughts and display figures, but it is not possible to make accurate
measurements because they are subjective, not objective. Therefore, I think it
can be difficult to accurately express the globalization figure.
3. DISCUSSION
I want to talk
about the negative effects of globalization. We have discussed it in class, but
globalization can also create a wrong attitude to embrace other cultures, but
rather to admire or despise other cultures. I want to find out why these phenomena
happen and what they are?
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